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During the process of aging, extensive epigenetic alterations are made in response to both exogenous and endogenous stimuli. Here, we summarize the current state of knowledge regarding one such alteration, H3K4 methylation (H3K4me), as it relates to aging in different species. |
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To find disease-specific B-cell epitopes that correspond to or mimic natural epitopes, we used phage display technology to determine the targets of specific antibodies present in the sera of immune-responsive COVID-19 patients. |
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The mitochondrion is an ancient endosymbiotic organelle that performs many essential functions in eukaryotic cells.1–3 Mitochondrial impairment often results in physiological defects or diseases.2–8 Since most mitochondrial genes have been copied into the nuclear genome during evolution,9 the regulatory and interaction mechanisms between the mitochondrial and nuclear genomes are very complex. Multiple mechanisms, including antioxidant, DNA repair, mitophagy, and mitochondrial biogenesis pathways, have been shown to monitor the quality and quantity of mitochondria. |
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Prior and extensive plastic rewiring of a transcriptional network, followed by a functional switch of the conserved transcriptional regulator, can shape the evolution of a new network with diverged functions. The presence of three distinct iron regulatory systems in fungi that use orthologous transcriptional regulators suggests that these systems evolved in that manner. |
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Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling is critical for defense against pathogenic infection, as well as for modulating tissue development. Activation of different TLRs triggers common inflammatory responses such as cytokine induction. Here, we reveal differential impacts of TLR3 and TLR7 signaling on transcriptomic profiles in bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs). |
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Inborn error of immunity (IEIs) are a group of genetically-defined disorders leading to defective immunity. Some IEIs have been linked to mutations of immune receptors or signaling molecules, resulting in defective signaling of respective cascades essential for combating specific pathogens. However, it remains incompletely understood why in selected IEIs, such as X-linked lymphoproliferative syndrome type-2 (XLP-2), hypo-immune response to specific pathogens results in persistent inflammation. |
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Rubik’s Cube is one of the most popular 3D combinatorial games that captivates the world with its amazing complexity hidden behind the deceptively simplistic six bright colors. Remarkably, the most accomplished players can solve a completely scrambled Rubik’s Cube in less than twelve seconds. Few people, however, know that there is an equally complex Rubik’s Cube-like molecular machine in the cell. This machine is called “Spliceosome”, which must be sequentially remodeled or tweaked, just like the Rubik’s Cube, before it can be properly functioning in the gene expression pathway. |
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Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a worldwide health problem. According to WHO’s report, there are over 257 million peoples globally infected by hepatitis B virus. HBV infection is prevalent in China, Taiwan, and Southeast Asia countries. Approximately 887,000 individuals die each year from HBV-related liver diseases or liver cancer. |
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